A researcher bought noreply.net. Companies started sending him secrets.

“I did not realize that this was going to be as big of a problem as it is,” says Solovewicz, who is not publicly naming impacted entities. The researcher has been alerting affected companies of their problems, encouraging them to fix the errors and misconfigurations. “I just want companies and organizations to do the right thing and to be auditing their systems and fixing their stuff.” Solovewicz says that the noreply.net domain is the largest he owns and has received 400,000 messages over the year and a half that he’s owned it, with 28,365 of those containing attachments. The noreply.us domain has been sent 37,255 messages over 2,345 days since he purchased it in 2020. Over the month before his conference talk, combined, they’ve received more than 11,000 messages. Overall, emails have been sent from more than 14,000 “from” addresses, from 6,200 root domains. The messages are automated by company systems, not written by humans, the researcher says. While the issue is not a new one—almost 20 years ago, independent security journalist Brian Krebs, then working at the Washington Post, wrote how companies were sending millions of messages to @donotreply.com emails—it is inherently avoidable. For instance, companies could use internal domains or the .invalid domain that is guaranteed not to exist. Solovewicz is not alone in this voluntary endeavor, which is helping protect the data of companies—often large ones. Earlier this year, Mike Sheward, the head of security at EV charging company Xeal, spent around $15 to buy the domain deleteduser.com. “Within the first hour, there were three different organizations that had emailed stuff to @deleteduser.com,” Sheward tells WIRED, pointing out that companies appear to be simply changing email addresses rather than entirely deleting accounts from their systems. One of the most frequent sources of email, Sheward says without naming the firm, is an AI company that uses object recognition technology to detect workers at industrial sites in the Middle East who may not be following safety protocols. The researcher has received thousands of CCTV stills from the firm, he says. “I am being a good guardian of the Internet dumpster—but if I had been a bad one, it’s not hard to see how this information that is willingly thrown at my face could be misused,” he wrote in a Medium post in April. As both Solovewicz and Sheward realized the potential scale of the misplaced emails—and what a goldmine the data would be for hackers and extortionists—they, working independently, have purchased more than 30 domains to try and limit the potential for malicious actors to copy the approach. As part of his Defcon talk, Solovewicz explained he has been building a probe to test if other possible placeholder domains may be configured to receive email. “I’ve scanned 7,136 domains, and 328 of them were identified as having catch-all inboxes configured,” Solovewicz says. “I’m not sure I can say how large of a problem this is, but my concern is that what I ‘accidentally’ found when I registered my domain is just the tip of the iceberg.” Both researchers say that, where possible, they have been notifying companies that have systems misconfigured and are sending them emails. The results have been mixed, they say. While some organizations appear to have quietly fixed the issues, many others have not replied, and the sheer scale of the problem makes notifying every one impacted a challenge. “It is too much,” Solovewicz says, emphasizing that people shouldn’t assume a domain is unmonitored. “I’m at the point where this would now be a full-time job to handle every single one of these—that’s part of my motivation to talk about this, it is my responsible disclosure. You guys need to fix your systems and not do this and not leak your customer data and your employee data and your own internal data.” This story originally appeared on wired.com,